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Roller Chain

Posted on June 3, 2020December 8, 2023 by JAB

03
Jun

Roller Chain

Calculation
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Mechanical efficiency

Posted on March 28, 2020December 8, 2023 by JAB

Mechanical efficiency

Table

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Cutting process comparison

Posted on March 12, 2020December 9, 2023 by JCA

12
Mar

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Protected: Standarized material names

Posted on January 29, 2020January 29, 2020 by JAB

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Belt length calculator

Posted on October 3, 2019December 9, 2023 by JCF

03
Oct

BELT LENGTH CALCULATOR

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Mechanical properties of materials

Posted on August 8, 2019September 12, 2019 by JCA

08
Aug

Mechanical properties of materials

INTERNATIONAL MATERIAL

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TYPE	EN MATERIAL NUMBER	OTHER MATERIAL DESIGNATION	FORMING PROCESS	MODULUS OF ELASTICITY E (MPa)	MODULUS OF RIGIDITY G (MPa)	DENSITY ρ (kg/m3)	POISSON'S RATIO ν	YIELD STRENGTH Re; Rp0,2 (MPa)	TENSILE STRENGTH Rm (MPa)	COMMENTS

TYPE	EN MATERIAL NUMBER	MODULUS OF ELASTICITY E (MPa)	MODULUS OF RIGIDITY G (MPa)	DENSITY ρ (kg/m3)	POISSON'S RATIO ν	YIELD STRENGTH Re; Rp0,2 (MPa)	TENSILE STRENGTH Rm (MPa)	COMMENTS
CARBON STEEL	1.0045
STAINLESS STEEL	1.4310	212000		8030	0.3	205	515
STAINLESS STEEL	1.4305	193000		8000	0.25	240	620
STAINLESS STEEL	1.4301	193000		7900	0.29	210	505
STAINLESS STEEL	1.4307	193000		7900	0.29	210	505
STAINLESS STEEL	1.4401	193000		8000	0.3	240	550
STAINLESS STEEL	1.4435	193000		8000	0.3	240	550
BRONZE		103421		8850	0.34	110	250	Type CUSN12 - B12
POM C (DELRIN)		3000		1390		63	115
POLICARBONATE		2200		1200	0.37	65-35	65
PMMA (METHACRYLATE)		3300		1180	0.45	72
TITANIUM		115000		4730		830	900
STRUCTURAL STEEL A36	1.0117	200000	77200	7860		250	400
ALUMINUM 1100-H14		70000	26000	2710	0.33	95	110	99% Al
ALUMINUM 2014-T6		75000	27000	2800		400	455
ALUMINUM 2024-T4		73000		2800		325	470
ALUMINUM 5456-H116		72000		2630		230	315
ALUMINUM 6061-T6		70000	26000	2710	0.33	240	260
ALUMINUM 7075-T6		72000	28000	2800		500	570
GLASS		65000	4100	2190				98% silica

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Buckling

Posted on August 8, 2019December 9, 2023 by JAB

08
Aug

Buckling

Calculation
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ELEMENTAL GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES STRUCTURAL PROFILES PROPERTIES

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DIN STANDARD PARTS

Posted on August 1, 2019April 12, 2020 by JCA

DIN STANDARD PARTS

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DIN NUMBER REFERENCE	DESCRIPTION______________________________________________________________________________	DIN replacement	Other org
DIN 1	Cone Pins, untempered	DIN EN 22339	ISO 2339
DIN 3	Standard measurements
DIN 5	Technical drawings - Axonometric projections, Isometric projection	DIN ISO 5456-1, DIN ISO 5456-2,
DIN 5-10	Technical drawings - projections, terms	DIN ISO 10209-2	ISO 10209-2
DIN 6	Projection displays in Normal, views and special presentations	DIN ISO 128, DIN EN ISO 128	ISO 128
DIN 7	Parallel Pins	DIN EN ISO 2338	ISO 2338
DIN 11	Whitworth pipe threads 1/4"-6" Thread diameter, sizes, teaching information
DIN 13-1	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 1: Nominal sizes for coarse pitch threads; nominal diameter from 1 mm to 68 mm
DIN 13-2	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 2: Nominal sizes for 0,2 mm, 0,25 mm and 0,35 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 1 mm to 50 mm
DIN 13-3	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 3: Nominal sizes for 0,5 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 3,5 mm to 90 mm
DIN 13-4	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 4: Nominal sizes for 0,75 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 5 mm to 110 mm
DIN 13-5	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 5: Nominal sizes for 1 mm and 1,25 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 7,5 mm to 200 mm
DIN 13-6	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 6: Nominal sizes for 1,5 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 12 mm to 300 mm
DIN 13-7	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 7: Nominal sizes for 2 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 17 mm to 300 mm
DIN 13-8	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 8: Nominal sizes for 3 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 28 mm to 300 mm
DIN 13-9	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 9: Nominal sizes for 4 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 40 mm to 300 mm
DIN 13-10	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 10: Nominal sizes for 6 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 70 mm to 500 mm
DIN 13-11	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 11: Nominal sizes for 8 mm fine pitch threads; nominal diameter from 130 mm to 1000 mm
DIN 13-12	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 12: 1 to 300 mm diameter coarse and fine pitch threads Selected diameters and pitches
DIN 13-13	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 13: Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts from 1 to 52 mm screw thread diameter and limits of sizes
DIN 13-19	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 19: Nominal profiles
DIN 13-20	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 20: Limits of sizes for coarse pitch threads with the preferred tolerance classes; nominal sizes from 1 mm to 68 mm
DIN 13-21	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 21: Limits of sizes for fine pitch threads with the preferred tolerance classes; Nominal diameter from 1 mm to 24,5 mm
DIN 13-22	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 22: Limits of sizes for fine pitch threads with the preferred tolerance classes; Nominal diameter from 25 mm to 52 mm
DIN 13-23	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 23: Limits of sizes for fine pitch threads with the preferred tolerance classes; Nominal diameter from 53 mm to 110 mm
DIN 13-24	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 24: Limits of sizes for fine pitch threads with the preferred tolerance classes; Nominal diameter from 112 mm to 180 mm
DIN 13-25	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 25: Limits of sizes for fine pitch threads with the preferred tolerance classes; Nominal diameter from 182 mm to 250 mm
DIN 13-26	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 26: Limits of sizes for fine pitch threads with the preferred tolerance classes; Nominal diameter from 252 mm to 1000 mm
DIN 13-28	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 28: Coarse and Fine Screw Threads from 1 to 250 mm Screw Thread Diameter; Root Cross-sections, Tensile Stress Cross-sections and Pitch Angles
DIN 13-50	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 50: Combination of tolerance classes for formed internal screw threads
DIN 13-51	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 51: External screw threads for transition fits (former: screw threads for interference fit); tolerances, limit deviations, limits of sizes
DIN 13-52	ISO general purpose metric screw threads - Part 52: Multi-start thread tolerances and deviation of profile
DIN 15-2	Technical drawings; lines; general application	DIN ISO 128-24
DIN 16	Oblique Standard Typeface for Drawings
DIN 17	Upright Standard Typeface for Drawings
DIN 38	Plain bearings; bearing metal lining for thick-walled multilayer plain bearings
DIN 74	Countersinks for countersunk head screws (except screws with DIN EN 27721 head)
DIN 76-1	Thread run-outs and thread undercuts for ISO metric threads in accordance with DIN 13-1
DIN 76-2	Thread run-outs and thread undercuts for pipe threads conforming to ISO 228 part 1
DIN 76-3	Runouts, Undercuts for Trapezoidal Threads, Buttress Threads and Knuckle Threads and other Threads of Coarse Pitch
DIN 78	Protrusions of bolt ends	DIN EN ISO 4753 (governs thread ends for bolts assembled with hexagon slotted nuts)	ISO 4753
DIN 84	Product grade A slotted cheese head screws	DIN EN ISO 1207	ISO 1207
DIN 85	Product grade A slotted pan head screws	DIN EN ISO 1580	ISO 1580
DIN 88	Product slotted oval head countersunk machine screws	ISO 2010-1983[1]
DIN 93	Tab washers with long tab
DIN 94	Split pins	DIN EN ISO 1234	ISO 1234
DIN 95	Slotted Raised Countersunk (Oval) Head Wood Screws
DIN 96	Slotted Round Head Wood Screws
DIN 101	Rivets - Technical specifications
DIN 103-1	ISO Metric Trapezoidal Screw Thread; Profiles

Showing 1 to 50 of 792 entries

McMaster (U.S,)

OPAC (Spanish)

WIKIPEDIA (List of standards)

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Safety factor

Posted on June 30, 2019December 8, 2023 by JAB

30
Jun

Safety factor

Nductile ≥ max(N1, N2, N3) ; based on yield strength

Nbrittle ≥ max(N1, N2, N3) ; based on ultimate strength

N = N1 . N2

N1 = f(A, B, C), from the first table

N2 = f(D, E) , from the second table

Parameters:

A Quality of materials, workmanship, maintenance and inspection

B Control over applied loads

C Accuracy of stress analysis, experimental data, or experience with similar parts

D Danger to people

E Economic impact

The transition from engineering model to reality is usually facilitated by including a factor of safety in the design to accommodate uncertainly in material properties and the design process, the consequences of failure, risk to people and degree of characterization of and control over the service environment.

Safety factor is a simple ratio that is intended to be greater than 1.

$N=frac{capacity}{load}=frac{strength}{stress}> 1$

Safety factors for ductile materials are based on yield strength. Safety factors for brittle materials are based on ultimate strength and are twice the recommended values for ductile materials. Safety factors for primarily cyclic loading are based on endurance limit. Impact loads require a safety factor of at least 2 multiplied by an impact factor from 1.1 to 2.

The factor safety is often specified in a design code or standard.

Factor safety is affected by:

Material strength basis: Brittle materials use ultimate strength and ductile use yield strength.
Manner of loading: Static applied slowly, repeated; fatigue failure may occur; impact; high initial stresses develop.
Possible misuse: Designer must consider any reasonable foreseeable use of misuse of product.
Complexity of stress analysis.
Environment: Temperature, weather, radiation, quimical…
Hazard of failure; What happens if the parts fail?
Cost.
Market segment: Different safety factor for different markets (aerospace, health…)

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Colours for the identification of pipelines

Posted on June 13, 2019December 9, 2023 by JAB

13
Jun

Colours for the identification of pipelines

Table
Comments

DIN 2403 defines the identification of pipes according to the fluid conveyed.

The pipelines shall be clearly idetified by labels specifying the nature of the fluid conveyed with labels or adhesive labels. The size of the labels shall be selected fron DIN 825 Part 1.

Standards and other documents referred to:

DIN 825 Part 1 Dimensions of nameplates; square and rectangular nameplates

DIN 1304 Symbols for formulae

DIN 6164 Part1 DIN colour chart

DIN 25400 Warning symbol for ionizing radiation

RAL 840 HR Colour register

ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe identification standard used in the United States

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Buckling

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Colours for the identification of pipelines

Roller Chain

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Mechanical properties of materials

Buckling

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Safety factor

Colours for the identification of pipelines

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