Category Archives: 4. Hydraulics

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Colours for the identification of pipelines

Posted on by JAB
13
Jun

Colours for the identification of pipelines

DIN 2403 defines the identification of pipes according to the fluid conveyed.

The pipelines shall be clearly idetified by labels specifying the nature of the fluid conveyed with labels or adhesive labels. The size of the labels shall be selected fron DIN 825 Part 1.

Standards and other documents referred to:

DIN 825 Part 1                   Dimensions of nameplates; square and rectangular nameplates

DIN 1304                              Symbols for formulae

DIN 6164 Part1                 DIN colour chart

DIN 25400                           Warning symbol for ionizing radiation

RAL 840 HR                        Colour register

ANSI/ASME A13.1           Pipe identification standard used in the United States

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Torricelli’s Principle

Posted on by JCA
13
Jun

Torricelli's Principle

Torricelli’s Law

A tank with a circular hole of diameter d and at a depth h discharges water at a rate of Q.
The discharge rate is derived from Torricelli’s Principle and given by:

Q=Acdot sqrt{2cdot gcdot h}

where
Q =discharge rate (m³/s)
h =depth of water (m)
A =area of opening (m²)
g =acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)

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NPSH – Net Positive Suction Head

Posted on by JAB
02
May

NPSH - Net Positive Suction Head

PIPE PRESSURE DROP DENSITY

The NPSH is related to the problem of cavitation. Cavitation means that the liquid pumped vaporizes within the pump which causes breakdown of suction column and head, loud noise, heavy vibration leading to erosion or pitting and possibly destruction of the impellers. The condition for operation without cavitation is:

NPSHa > NPSHr

Where:

NPSHa: NPSH available, of the plant.

NPSHr: NPSH required, of the pump. Lower value of NPSHr means greater the suction capability.

Usually is used a safety allowance of 0.5m.

 

NPSHa=10^{5}cdot frac{( P-Vp )}{rho cdot g}pm S-H

P: Gas pressure. If the suction tank is open the gas pressure correspond to the atmospheric pressure (1 bar).

Vp: Vapour pressure of the fluid pumped at a given temperature.

ρ: Density of the fluid pumped.

g: gravitational constant 9.81 m/s2

S: Suction head. Vertical distance between suction tank and pump center line. (- ) for operation under suction lift conditions and (+) for operation under flooded suction conditions.

H: Head loss for the maximum flow in pipes, bends and valves on the suction side due to friction.

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Pipe pressure drop

Posted on by JAB
25
Apr

Pipe pressure drop

Density Dynamic viscosity Surface roughness

Darcy friction factor formulae

Neutrium – Theory

 

This calculator performs Pressure Drop Calculations for pipework. Additionaly, related parameters such as Reynolds, fluid velocity, average residence time, etcetera are presented. The Pressure Drop calculation takes into account other components as well. It requests the user for input about bends, elbows and other appendages/equipment components, which induce extra pressure loss. The program represents the total resistance in terms of equivalent pipe length values.

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Cylinder forces calculator

Posted on by JAB
06
Dec

Cylinder forces calculator

Hydraulic cylinder calculator by tss.trelleborg

The calculator provides the pull and push forces in a cylinder when is aplied a pressure in a single acting cylinder and  in a doble acting cylinder.

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